Nov. 2025 Yamin Shen Introduction: Digital reading has become a common learning activity; however, the empirical understanding of how attentional interference affects comprehension remains limited. Methods: This study employed a meta-analytic approach to synthesize 32 empirical studies investigating the effects of attentional distractors in digital environments. The analysis focused on the overall comprehension effects of attentional distraction in online reading contexts,

Sweden is investing €104 million to bring back printed textbooks, highlighting growing concerns over digital learning’s toll on student...